SIGNAL GENERATION & ANALYSIS WORKBENCH·4-CHANNEL TIMER

PWM — Pulse-Width Modulation

RUNNINGDirectory

Learning Guide

Learning Objectives

Understand Pulse-Width Modulation principles for analog-like power control using digital outputs.

Calculate period T = 1 / f from carrier frequency f.

Relate duty cycle D = (t_high / T) * 100% to average output voltage V_avg = V_max * D.

Observe LED dimming and waveform variations on a virtual oscilloscope.

Experiment Procedure

Set Carrier Frequency to 1,000 Hz (1 kHz) and calculate period T = 1.00 ms.
Adjust Duty Cycle slider from 0% to 100% and observe waveform pulse width on the Oscilloscope.
Observe how LED relative brightness matches the configured Duty Cycle percentage.

Key TakeawayPWM controls average power delivery without heat dissipation typical of linear regulators by varying the pulse width ratio D = t_high / T.

Laboratory Challenges & Worksheet

1 / 3

LVL 1 · BEGINNER

Attempts: 0100 PTS

Challenge 1: Target Duty Cycle Adjustment

Adjust the PWM channel duty cycle to exactly 75% while keeping frequency at 1000 Hz and channel ENABLED.

Engineering Requirements

›Set PWM Frequency to 1000 Hz

›Adjust Duty Cycle slider to 75%

›Ensure PWM output channel is ENABLED

Hints (0 / 3)

AI Contextual Assistant

GEMINI 2.5

Educational Guidance: Suggestions assist conceptual learning. State validation is evaluated by the deterministic simulation kernel.

PWM Waveform Analysis

Real-Time Oscilloscope & Load Visualization

TIM1_CH1

OSCILLOSCOPE · CH11,000 Hz · 1.00 ms · 7 cyc

t_HIGH: 0.500 mst_LOW: 0.500 ms

3.3V

GND

D = 50%f = 1,000 HzV_avg = 1.65V○ DISABLED

PWM LED · TIM1_CH1

V_avg = 1.65V

OFF

Period (T)

1.00ms

High Time

0.50ms

Low Time

0.50ms

PWM Channel Inspector

Timer Channel: TIM1_CH1

Timer Channel

TIM1_CH1

Frequency (f)

1,000Hz

Duty Cycle (D)

50%

Output

DISABLED

Period (T)

1.00ms

Frequency1,000 Hz

100 Hz10 kHz

Duty Cycle50%

0%50%100%

Telemetry & Diagnostic Console0 frames

› SYSTEM READY — AWAITING HARDWARE PERIPHERAL EVENTS